Technical Communication Essay Example for Free

Technical chat EssayChapter 1. Introduction to Technical Communication.Communication is the exchange of thoughts, message or information, as by speech, visuals, signals, writing, or behavior. Derived from the Latin word communis, meaning to share. Communication requires a sender, a message, and a recipient, although the receiver need not be present or conscious of the senders intent to communicate at the time of chat thus chat can occur across vast distance in time and space. Communication requires that the communicating parties share an area of communicative commonality. The communication process is complete once the receiver has still the message of the sender.Technical Communication would mean a communication specific to the sender and the recipient and both would be from the same ambit of knowledge. This communication may not be understood by any others in the sense that the messages passed across are in a oral communication that can be understood by persons from onc e field of knowledge. Here the importance subset of such(prenominal) a communication. Technical Communication is the flow or exchange of information within race or group of people sharing a common platform of similar knowledge or people from the same field with or without the technical knowledge.Means of Communication1. literal Communication Spoken and pictorial languages can be described as a system of symbols (sometimes as known lexemes) and the grammars (rules) by which the symbols are manipulated. The word language also refers to common properties of languages. Language learning normally occurs most intensively during human childhood. Most of the thousands of human languages use patterns of sound or gestures for symbols which enable communication with others around them. Languages seem to share certain properties although many of these include exceptions. There is no defined line between a language and a dialect.Constructed languages such as Esperanto, programming languages a nd various mathematical formalisms are not necessarily restricted to the properties shared by human languages. Communication should also include the showing of text, Braille, tactile communication, large print, accessible multimedia, as well as written and plain language, human reader, augmentative and alternative modes, means and formats of communication, including accessible information and communication technology. Manipulative Communications are intentional and unintentional ways of manipulating words, gestures, etc. to get what we want , by demeaning, discounting, attacking or ignoring instead of respectful interaction. Sarcasm, criticism, presumption and swearing are examples.2. Non Verbal Communication A variety of verbal and non-verbal means of communicating exists such as body language, eye contact, sign language. nonverbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non word messages. Research shows that the majority of our communication incl udes chronemics (use of time) , haptics (using the sense of touch),gesture, body language or pram facial aspect and eye contact, object communication such as clothing , hairstyles, architecture, symbols infographics, and tone of voice as well as through an fuse of the above. Speech also contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage.These include voice lesson quality, emotion and speaking style as well as prosodic features such as rhythm, intonation and stress. Likewise, written texts include nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words and the use of emoticons to convey emotional expression in pictorial form. 3Oral communication Oral communication, while primarily referring to spoken verbal communication, can also employ visual aids and non verbal elements to dungeon the discussion, and aspects of interpersonal communication. As a type of face-to face communication, body language and choice tonality play a significant role, and may have communic ation also garners immediate feedback.Historic Stages in Written Communication1. Pictograms in the form of stone graphics hence immobile. 2. Written form on papyrus, paper, system tablets. Introduction of common alphabets and also the invention of printing in the 15th century made the written form a very strong means. 3. hit of information through controlled waves and electronic signals. hard-hitting CommunicationAll communication, intentional or unintentional, has some effect. This effect may not be always in communicators favor or as desired by him or her. Communication that produces the desired effect or result is effective communication. It results in what the communicator wants. Effective communication generates the desired effect, maintain effect increase effect. Effective communication serves its purpose for which it was planned or designed. The purpose could be to generate action, inform, create grounds or communicate a certain idea/point etc. Effective communication als o ensures that message distortion does not take level during the communication process.

Character Analysis of Thomas Gradrind in the Hard Times Essay Example for Free

Character Analysis of Thomas Gradrind in the Hard Times EssayThomas Gradrind is the premier(prenominal) character presented in the book Hard Times by Charles Dickens. He is one of the central figures through whom the author weaves a web of intricately attached characters and plotlines. The main central features of his character are his monotone attitude and appearance that is mechanized. Mr. Gradrinds opening speech to a group of young students during the opening convulsion embodies his dryness and the hard fact that he impounds in his students heads. Gradrind is best described physically as an obstinate carriage, hearty coat, square legs, square shoulders by the narrator, which is suggestive of Gradrinds unrelenting rigidity (Dickens, 2001, p.47). During the first few chapters, Gradrind expounds his philosophy of calculating his rational self interest. He believes that hu gentleman nature send word be governed by complete rational rules. He is too ready to weigh and measu re any parcel of human nature and be able-bodied to tell what it comes to. He lives by a joyless, pure memorization approach to education and life. In the novel, his dull approach regarding education is sh have gotNow, what I want is, Facts. expose these boys and girls nada besides Facts. Facts alone are wanted in life. Plant nothing else, and root out everything else. You scum bag only form the minds of reasoning animals upon Facts nothing else will ever be of any service to them. This is the principle on which I strike up my own children, and this is the principle on which I bring up these children. Stick to Facts, sir (Dickens, 2001 p.47)By this philosophy, he was able to triumph financially and socially. Even his itinerary of living as a hardware merchant is an logical implication of his fixation on hard material reality. He also became a member of the Parliament and this position allowed him to indulge his interest tabulating data about good deal from England. Thou gh he is not a factory owner, he evinces the spirit of Industrial Revolution as he treats people like a motorcar that mountain be reduced to a number of principles of science. Although it seems that the narrators description of Gradrind seems depressing, the latter also undergoes significant change in the novel which later catches the narrators sympathy. This is when Louisa confessed to Gadrind that something really important is missing in her life and that she is unhappy about marrying Bounderby. This makes Gradrind realize that the education system that he has is not perfect.This is also proven when he learned that Tom, his son, robbed the bank of Bounderby. later on Gradrind realizes his failures, he admits to himself that he is really sorry for relying too much on facts. The dilemmas of his children made him feel and learn love, compassion and sorrow. He later becomes a humble man and making his facts and figures in greater connection with the virtues of faith, hope and char ity. Throughout the book, Thomas Gradrind was a man who clings to facts and statistical objects as the only truth. He believes that these are the important things that should be dealt with in order to achieve a healthy productive life. This makes him somewhat closed-minded since he solely sticks to his own vision of truth about life. He can be quoted as a perfectionist who strives to make his children perfect and raised them with perfection. Ironically, his children cannot lodge in all that he was feeding. Thomas Gradrind lives in a reality where he al shipway depends on meanings and calculations. This trait of his was shown in his dialogues such as thisHerein sic the spring of the mechanical art and mystery of educating the reason without stooping to the cultivation of the sentiments and affections. Never wonder. By delegacy of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, settle everything somehow and never wonder (Dickens, 2001 p.89)This implies that he has a scientifi c and mathematical approach to life. After being a prominent citizen of Coketown he later becomes one of the Parliament members. This gives him a chance to go through a one-sided practical philosophy on local schools. He is often viewed as rationalist, self-centered and cold. In raising and teaching children like Louisa, Tom, Jane, Adam, and Malthus, he sees to it that they are equally practical. They are also always forbidden to nurture emotions and fill their minds with imaginations. He also views love and forbearance as a means of regulating facts and figures. Not until Louisa runs to him in full distress of the impending misfortune when she marries Bounderby that he realizes the limitations of his philosophical notions about hard facts.Despite his stubbornness and fixation on logic, Gradrind is a great father to his children. He raised his kids well because he always wanted the best for them. He does things which he thinks will benefit their undividedity. Thus, afterwards hea ring Louisas troubles, he makes it a full point to change himself and support her in her agony. For his children, he learned to repent for his wrongdoing and became ready to change his ways that caused his childrens unhappiness. The main conviction of Gradrind in the story is his utilitarian point of view regarding facts and figures. Being a man of facts and figures, utilitarianism is manifested in his view of every individual. or else than see people as a unique person, he develops a general view of people, which focuses on their productivity and usefulness in the society as a whole. He feels that everything in life can be measured through universal calculation and tabulations. Everything can be computed, from interior designing to marriage. advertize analysis of Gradrinds character suggests that he also mirrors the way people think during the era of industrialization. Charles Dickens wanted to explain to his readers the ideals and disadvantages of industrialization. Thomas Grad rind is an embodiment of how an individual embraces the beliefs and practices of industrialization. The way factory owners think during the time of industrialization is shown in the character of Gradrind. They are only after the monetary gain rather than the individual value of the workers. Dickens created an enduring tale that reflects the issues of an era filled with historical transformation. The philosophy of utilitarianism and its connection to industrialization is given enough meaning through Thomas Gradrinds character. After practicing the fact philosophy, his daughter Louisa made him realize that something is more important than the lessons of facts and figures. Before the novel ends, she ends up confessing to her father that there seems to be nothing here but languid and monotonous smoke (Dickens, 2001, p.78). She complains how mechanized the way her father raised her that brought her such misery. It is in the near end of the novel that Gradrind realizes and sees his error s. He feels sorry for the way his children suffered his ideological principle. For the first time he did not dwell on facts and figures and humbly felt sorry for what he did, Dickens used Gradrind to tell readers how to watch that there is more to life than facts and figures. He wanted to use Gradrinds character to show that everyone can change even the industrialized society during that time.Thomas Gradrind can be viewed by readers as character of change. He changed his philosophical ideals in place of something more importanthis familys happiness. Each individual has his or her own set of principles. Although it is worth sharing with others, it should not be shared to the extent of imposing it to others to follow. It should also not be used to manipulate other people. Gradrind can be an eye opener for many people who live under the influence of abusive power and authority. Louisas case made a turning point on her fathers life and paved the way for a better life for his children.W ork CitedDickens, Charles. Hard Times. Norton Critical Edition 3rd Ed. 2001.

Interpreting Literature By Means Of Psychoanalysis English Literature Essay

Interpreting Literature By Means Of Psychoanalysis English Literature essayPsychological criticism is a way of interpreting literature by means of psychoanalysis, a form of interpretation developed by Dr. Sigmund Freud. In the exercise of psychoanalysis, Freud attempted to understand the inter roundion of the conscious and unconscious mind mind. He believed that repressed conflicts and fears could be uncovered by having the patient speak freely and openly so that the listener may decipher hidden meanings and motives the patient might be unaware of. Much of his most famous hypotheses focus on the realm of the unconscious mind and how it goes about manifesting itself. Similarly, the role of psychological criticism is to attempt to analyze and draw conclusions from suppressed desires, conflicts, and fears within the realm of the unconscious of the characters, author, or even the subscriber of the piece of literature. This form of criticism can easily be applied to William Faulkners A Rose for Emily, a short story about the decaying life of lam Emily Grierson as seen through the perspective of the town she lives in. Devastated by the loss of her get down, Emily keeps herself isolated from everyone in the community except for Homer Barron, whom she later kills and holds on to in a last act of holding on to the past. To better understand Emily Griersons isolation from a psychological perspective, we must take a look at the central motivations within her character. Such motivations, can be discovered from many aspects of the story such as the setting and the relationship that Emily has between her late father and the entire community. Emilys isolation can also be seen in her behavior of avoidance and denial.The shot story A Rose for Emily takes place in a piddling town in the deep south shortly after the Civil War. Miss Emily came from the Grierson family, a noble, upper-class family from the time. She had been a tradition, a duty, a care a sort of hereditar y obligation upon the town showing that she had noblesse oblige and she intended to keep it that way. The neighborhood that she lived in was quickly changing, where only Miss Emilys class was left, lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumpsan eyesore among eyesores. While the town had progressed and modernized as most towns at the time did due to the diverseness in ideals from the old generation to the new one, Miss Emily stagnated. In particular, she refused to change her ways at alone. When the town got free postal delivery Miss Emily solely refused to let them fasten metal numbers above her door and attach a mailbox to it. She would not listen to them. The house she lives in is old and run-down, and is a displacement for the state Miss Emily is in. It has stayed the same for many years, and so has she, which is the way she wants it. However, by doing so she separates herself from the community. This is our first glimpse, as the e ndorser, of Emilys isolation.At this point in the story, the reader is left unaware why Miss Emily chooses update and modernize her house. It quickly becomes apparent that it must have something to do with her relationship with her father. Emily and her father have a relationship that is only briefly mentioned, but there is an obvious complication that later manifests itself throughout the rest of Emilys life. Even though Emily is described as organism very beautiful when she was younger, her father would drive away any suitor who came to court his daughter. This, in a way, shows a sort of revers oedipal conflict where the father is trying to compete against possible husbands for Emilys love and attention. A possible clue for her fathers actions is that the mother is not there and ,in fact, is never mentioned in the story at all which leads the reader to assume that young Emily is the only woman in his life. The narrator of the story, that is, the people of the community, paint a de scription of their father-daughter relationship Miss Emily a delicate figure in white in the background and her father a spraddled silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip.This description displays the idea that Emily is just a back drop to her father and his unconscious motive to keep his daughter close to him and him only. Her being in the back shows that she is being protected from suitors that are poor in her fathers eye. Also the whip that is holding may be interpreted as a phallic symbol signifying that he is the patriarch and will beseech off anyone that wants to change that. Even so, Emily does not put up a fight but, rather, is submissive to her fathers wishes. She actually enjoys her fathers chasing away of men because, in a way, it brings her contiguous to her father and strengthens their relationship. This can be explained psychoanalytically as females can only gain identities in stories if they identify with a father figure. Even thoug h young Emily is desperately trying to gain an identity, she is ignorant to the fact that by doing so she is creating a lifestyle of isolation that could only be made worse with the passing of Mr. Grierson. by and by her fathers death and without any other close family, Emily quickly realizes that she is now alone and isolated. She could not cope with this grim fact and alternatively turned to denial. When the ladies of the town came to notch their condolences, Miss Emily met them at the door , dressed as usual and with no trace of grief on her face. She told them that her father was not dead. She could not grasp the fact that with the loss of her father came the loss of her female identity and instead represses the idea as she stayed barricaded in her house for a long time. The undermentioned time she is seen her pig was cut short, making her look like a girl. Its quite obvious that at this point she is trying to live in the past to cope with her isolation. The cutting of her h air shows that she is unconsciously trying to go back to a place in her mind where her father is still live and she is still a girl living under his rule. Shortly after, however, she is seen with Homer Barron, a Yankeea big, dark, ready man. Her infatuation with Homer was not that of romance as the townspeople thought, rather she was only displacing the idea of her father onto Homer. The only way she could have her father back and for everything to be how it was, Miss Emily must marry Homer or at least that is what she believed. Her relationship with Homer was not meant to be because Homer was actually a homosexual. The story alludes to this with phallic symbols such as, his hat cocked and a cigar in his teeth. When Emily discovers this fact she, again, is in denial. Her last chance of living in the past rushes away in an instant. So instead of letting go of Homer, she again tries to hold on to the past, more successfully this time, by poisoning Homer Barron and holding on to his b ody, a final act of desperation to save herself from isolation.With Homers body in her possession, she is no longer isolated in her mind. She has her displaced father back but it is different this time now she is the supplier of the duo, or in other words, she has now taken the role of the father. Because of this new found identity her character actually begins to drastically change. She had grown fat and her hair was that vigorous iron-gray, like the hair of an active man. This physical change in her appearance signifies that she has now become patriarch of the so-called family. But she is still rudimentary in her role because Homer, who has now been dead for some time, cannot ever identify with Miss Emily. So once again, Emily is left isolated by her own tally and she remains this way until the day she dies.In conclusion, by using a psychoanalytic approach to analyze William Faulkners A Rose for Emily, many overlooked details paint an overall theme of isolation in the short s tory. Her old deteriorating house is a stand in for Emilys mental condition and unwillingness to change. forefather daughter issues are prevalent in the story and end up determining the fate of Miss Emily. Devastated over the discovery that her displaced father figure, Homer Barron, is a homosexual she poisons him and denies his death while she holds on to his body, much like she did with her father, in an attempt to live in the past. In the end of her life, Miss Emily is isolated in world of her own creation where she lives in the past and desperately tries to hold on to the present.

The Medias Stereotype Of Women Media Essay

The Medias Stereotype Of Wo manpower Media EssayThe media is an indispensable part of our lives.It is not only a form of entertainment, but also a powerhouse which has been granted the probableity to charm our purlieu. And its no wonder, because through television we know, for example, the characteristics of the classic criminal ugly, dirty, drunken voice and a pistol in hand, or the classic model fashionable, beautiful, hateful, dull,and peradventure even anorexic. These two representations are examples of what is known as sorts the process of applying categorization to groups or individuals. The use of stereotypes is a normal process, seeing as how it reduces the complexity of our environment to a manageable size. It allows us to identify different attributes of people such as happy, sad, well-intentioned, malicious, etc., which in turn reduces the need to aim at the particularity of for each one person. Basically, stereotypes relate one thing with an new(prenominal), and by doing this, they provide a basis by which we interpret what happens around us. However, not everything is hunky-dory.Unfortunately, the media has focused on programs and content, which portray a number of stereotypes that only make our society a bit more ignorant.In the course of time, the media has associated the male stereotype with values such as independence, aggressiveness, competitiveness, and strength. each of these concepts are clearly associated with males. Meanwhile, women have been linked to concepts such as affection, dependency, fragility, and concern for others. All of these notions have contributed to the transmission of original clichs such as those of a wife, lover, or mother. These stereotypes are almost always associated with qualities like beauty, seduction or attraction. Therefore, the women that are represented in the media, almost always appear as a subordinate of the guys. This potpourri of patriarchal system persists in many post-industrial countries such as the United States. It was not until recent years that women, somehow, began their integration into society. In todays society, the womanish role originates and spreads mainly from the media. The media integrates roles, values, norms, and symbols. This process is considered an important instrument in the transmission of values. In some cases, these values become a way to reference certain groups of society. The Medias stereotypes are intended to destroy or direct our desires. We can see examples of these on TV, where the role of men is to be charming, professional, and successful. In the case of soap operas, men are usually shown to be torn between the loves of two women. On the other hand, women are always shown to be more liberal, passive and submissive. People define programs, series, or movies because they feel the need to identify with something. People with high cultural levels enjoy watching programs that are informative. Women who are housewives like to watch lovin g family dramas or soap operas while children want to be like superheroes. And so for every person, group, sex, or age the media will always find a stereotype to regurgitate them in.In this modern era television plays an important role in the development of stereotypes, including gender stereotypes. Television has the potential to create values and it has the potential to influence people. Among the many stereotypes that it offers is that of the ideal woman. Commercials show happy women who do not contradict what is said. Physically they have perfect features and are slender. Younger women are viewed as inner objects, while adult women are portrayed in advertisements as housewives, mothers, workers, and patients. These stereotypes about women are transmitted every day on TV and are responsible for(p) for several negative traits that do not represent the female gender, except in the minds of men who think of these stereotypes as something natural. Examples of this can be seen in d etergent, food, and other household article commercials that feature women as the typical housewife, who is weak, helpless, dependant, delicate and sensitive. Another astray used image of women is the vain female consumer, who buys anything just for the satisfaction. This image is widely used by sellers of beauty products and shopping center owners. Consequently, these images have had a huge impact in the way women see themselves and the way they portray their gender. It is important to note that all these stereotypes are false representations of what a woman is, but unfortunately most women accept this image given by the media. Most women see that these images reflect societys standards about what an ideal woman is. The worst part is that due to the importance that they give to these standards, they comply with them, resulting in low self-esteems. Most women compare themselves with the reckon image projected by the media, which results into a life full of insecurity and disconte nt. All this dissatisfaction may ultimately lead some women to develop some sort of eating disorder.Fashion, and how its projected in the media, is always changing the attitudes of women, especially young women. That is why it comes as no surprise that the level of anorexia and bulimia have skyrocketed in recent years, especially when girls intend to fit into shirts and pants that are becoming increasingly smaller. Part of this problem is the stereotypes that the media has created. Women will only look good in clothes if they are thin and delicate according to the stereotypes. Consumers of clothes begin to follow the stereotype, and by doing so they gradually devalue their own features, planning to look like that sickly looking model that appears in clothing commercials or runways. The roles played by women in the media are limited to traditional roles like the housewife, the mother, the victim, or the sexual object. The roles of men in the other hand are that of the strongest playe rs in public life. This, however, is not the reality of the situation and it does not help build comparability in our society.The media has brought into the light the triumph of many female athletes and the stereotypical prejudice that we have against women in sports. Thanks to that, many stereotypes about women who go into sports have been eliminated. For example, the stereotype that all females in sports tend to lose their femininity is no longer seen as true. Or the stereotype that women are not anatomically designed for sports is also considered irrelevant nowadays. All of this was once held appropriate due to the fact that the media focuses more on the physical characteristics of female athletes rather than their level of performance. But now, its not ridiculous to see Anna Kurnikova or the Williams sisters in the front pages of sports magazines.Although we live in a culture of gender stereotypes, which apparently puts men over women, the fat is that stereotypes have the pote ntial of affecting society negatively. Some stereotypes can develop patterns which do not allow the development and expression of individual qualities. To avoid setting those kinds of stereotypes, one must(prenominal) analyze the information that the media communicates to us before creating a stereotype. By doing this, people will be able to realize that the ideas that the media feeds are far from reality. The use of stereotypes is convenient to some extent, but it is important to know the boundaries of the line that leads to prejudice and discrimination, a line that is crossed countless times by the media. The process of stereotyping allows people to move with their environment, to understand it, and to develop their own interpretation of it. But what happens when the amount of information gained is digested without the right amount of evaluation and the stereotypes begin to take the place of personal science? Those stereotypes become our view of the world.

Two Model Of Shrm Ulrich Model

Two Model Of Shrm Ulrich ModelStrategic kind-hearted option focal point is gener wholey use to fall upon sure that the memorial tabletal has well motivated, perfect in their make believe and committed mental faculty to acquire their goals and headings of the companionship. According to Boxall (1996) to break the strategicalal human option heed SHRM for the higher-ranking managers you need to hire the more experienced qualified and growth their talent in the re of imports of rules through improve their basic skills by training and different courses, at that place ar two impersonate of SHRM Ulrich warning and Best put on model.Ulrich Model Deve Ulrich is the real hero of the Ulrich model in 1997. Ulrich model of the business partnering is genuinely popular in USA and UK and it has influential impact on these countries. Ulrich model is more aspiration for the upcoming HR professed(prenominal)s. He was the master of the human election management and by utili ze his model the most bene mate was more responsible and flexible placement in HR and it refunds the opportunity to HR professional to become a real impressive business partner. (John Storey 2007)Strategic partner Strategic partner is ab forth of HR dedicates, activities and initiatives of the global business management and it is the task of HR management and the HR business partners. Strategic partners give the support to the brass to expand their self in the world. There is example of Tesco who has their strategic partners in their company. Tesco is the biggest company in the UK and they expand their business and they had open their stores in the different countries in Thailand, China, Indonesia e.g. Simons Groups is the strategic partner for Tesco. Simon group is the construction company and they redeem 200M a turnover company. Simons group work as a strategic partner in Tesco and they work with the super securities industry chain to plan and deliver a human action of produ cts in the next few year including the novel big stores and extension in distribution. Simon works in Tesco as a accounts director. Ben Brewerton state it is fantastic to work with the biggest retailer in UK and they are looking to our offer line with in the Tesco (Construction of Tesco2009).Change Agent Change agent plays truly of the essence(predicate) role in the organisation and the Ulrich model. Change agent substance that making some changes and transaction of the business of the HR capital. The human resource management is the support for the changing activities in daily r let outine. human beings resource management has to make sure that where the changes need to be done. According L. Bhat (2008) Apple become a change in the market in his all his business areas through his different kinds of invention like i-Pods, i-Phone, i-Macs, i-Pad and many more. They are change agent through his insight thinking and decisiveness power of Steve Jobs who was the CEO of apple 1997 t o 2009Employ Champion In the HR section the employs champion plays the vital role in the organisation. Employ champion means the conk outer of the all workers in the organisation. The employ champion needs to make sure that all the employees of the company are happy with their job they feel respectable in the company. The employ champion needs to take care of the employees interest and to protect them from the changes which are going in the organisation.Administration Expert-Best Practice model Best practice approach performed very well in each condition and by using the best practice approach it green goddess lift the company in his performance and this model stinkpot lead the company as superior (Michel Armstrong 11th strain p.34). In best practice models there are some basic elements which allow help the organisation to improve the organisational performance and these are.Employs security.Sophisticated selection.Team working and decentralization.High wages conjugate to or ganisational performance.Extensive training.Communications and involvement (Pferrer 1988 p.33).There are seven which HR strategies which are clod training system, performance based compensation, inbred career ladder, formal training system, employs job security, employee fulls and clear structure of jobs these cane help to increase the organisational performance and the best practice model (Delery and Doty 1996 p.34).Comparison For the ranking(prenominal) managers to ensure that they will choose the right field models for the effective human resource management. As compare the two models Ulrich model and best practice model for senior managers the Ulrich model plays very important role in the effective human resource managers strategies. There are some drawbacks in the best practice model although this model can help the managers to increase its organisational performance. This model can cause the breakdown of momentum of teamwork, discipline, this model the best practice model render diversity between the employs and the management. In the best practice models they dont defy the unity in their HR strategy management. In this model they precisely ignore the employs need and they just look aft(prenominal) the economic performance (Dr. Ernesto Dimaculangan 2006). So as my point of view the Ulrich model is the best choice for the senior manager for the effective human resource management. In the start the Ulrich model is also called four-role model. Basically many of the author said that the four-role model and the three step model is same. The main difference in these to model is three legged model is easy to understand and four-role model is difficult to understand. Ulrich had made his mind to change the model in the simplest form that people and organisation can understand and it is easy to understand (Transact HR 2009. Ken article 2011). Most of the scholar like the Ulrich and model and appreciate this model it is simpler to understand and it is very effective and result oriented but some of the scholar have objection on Ulrich model.Reason for the importance of HRM in organisation Human resource management plays very important role in the organisation. Organisation cant run without the human resource management. Human resource management help the organisation to set the goals in organisation and tell the procedure to the company how to achieve that on time. According to Ruth Mayhew she describes in his article that there are 10 specific areas for the human resource management and those are (Ruth Mayhew on demand media). pickaxe Selection means choose the right person in the right place and the right time to the certain job accomplish. In the Vodafone Company the director of HR division using always the new approaches to managing the employees. The HR department give some responsibilities to their managers that they can select the some good employees for the achievement of the goals.HR k straight offledge HR development means give training, conference, academies, collision to the employee company for the achievement of the goals. The Vodafone Company focuses more on the training to satisfy the customer need. Vodafone delivers a variety of training through e-tools and e-module on cr. Vodafone is setting a new indicator to identify the number of employees and they have also classroom for the training. They had given the training in all department of the company for the achievement of the goals.Recruitment It involves attracting the right standard of applicant to apply vacancies. Tesco advertise their vacancies in the different ways. Tesco always look at internal talent plan to fill the vacancies. In the internal talent plan they first look at the current employees within the company. If they didnt get any suitable people talent plan or developing on internal management programme.For the external vacancies they had advertise their vacancies through their own website and through their own store notice boa rd. All the applications are made online for the managerial position. The chosen application has been interviewed followed by the attendance at on assessment centre for the final stage of the selection bring. Sometime for the weightyer department they work hard to find the good applicant such as baker, pharmacist. Tesco advertise extremely through these things. done their own website.Through offline media.Through television.Through radioThrough different magazinePlacing advertisement on Google.Employees Satis positionion HR department has made the god relation with the employees which will make them more effective and improve the performance of the employees to achieve their objectives.Strategy HR department help to improve the strategy of the organisation by using the different tool like strategic planning. HR improves the strategy for the growth of the business and for achieving the organisation goals.Compensation HR department has to compensate their employees by different meth ods like if the company is running out with the short of staff and HR need to give some overtime to their staff and compensate them with the extra wages and pick and drop services.Benefits HR department can give the benefits to the employees and by giving these benefits they can reduce their live. HR can give the benefits in shape of increment, bounces and pension. If the HR will not give the benefits to the employees then the employees will de-motivate from this company and look for best offer which is offered from opposite company. Then the HR has to do recruitment again and it will increase in their expenses.Safety HR department have to make sure that all the safety measures should be active and maintain in all the time. For the staff the HR department must sure that the employees work in the safe condition and they have a good environment in the working place of the workers. obligation HR department has a liability to make sure that their employees are working in safe environ ment. HR department has made sure that their employees are not harassed and no discrimination in the working places. If these thing happen in then the employees will be de-motivate and then it is difficult to achieve their goals.Compliance HR department has to make sure that all the employees have right documentation of their work. HR department has to compliance with the international employment laws of the country. accounting and analyses of HRMThe Human Resource CycleRewardsSelection Performance AppraisalTrainingSource Fombrun Tichy et al (1984)This framework helps the SHRM department to the weak point of the companies. By using this framework they have set their objectives in the companies. This framework has a cycle for HR department which they have to follow in the companies (Michel Armstrong 2003 9th edition P. 22) .Selection Selection means choose the right person in the right place and the right time to the certain job accomplish. In the Vodafone Company the director of HR department using always the new approaches to managing the employees. The HR department give some responsibilities to their managers that they can select the some good employees for the achievement of the goals.HR Development HR development means give training, conference, academies, meeting to the employee company for the achievement of the goals. The Vodafone Company focuses more on the training to satisfy the customer need. Vodafone delivers a variety of training through e-tools and e-module on cr. Vodafone is setting a new indicator to identify the number of employees and they have also classroom for the training. They had given the training in all department of the company for the achievement of the goals.Appraisal Appraisal means how well employees doing job. Vodafone employees are working very hard for the achievement of goals due to training, meeting with the employees, improve the skills of the employees and make them more productivity. Managers also deliver the presentati on thats why company built relationship between employees and manager.Reward Vodafone is using take system in the company. They have the different bonuses in the company for the different category of workers. By using this reward system the company can go for advantage employs are more productive and they are more motivated toward their goals.Performance Performance means if the people work hard and the HR department, appraisal and reward going well the performance of company or people definitely affect all these factors, all of these factors are inter-related if any one effect all other factors will be effective.Explanation of HRM process and how strategies are developed The human resource process play very important role in the organisation and human resource management help to build a strategy. The human resource process has different method to use in the organisation to make the organisation successful and those are job analyses, job design, recruitment, selection, training, d evelopment, performance management, compensation and employ relation. These are the processes which will help the organisation to achieve his electric charge goals and objectives (Lee Ross and Pryce 2010).1. Job analyses According to Susan M. Heathfield job analyses is use to collect the information from the other resources intimately its responsibilities, necessary skills and outcomes. It evaluate that what are the requirement of the job and what is its description (Susan M. Heathfield about.com). In HR process job analyses tells the company what kind of job is needed in the company and what are the requirements2. Job design In HR process the job design is the next step after the job analyses. In this job design it indicates individual person responsibilities and the contents how he achieve the objective of the company in his job.3. Recruitment It involves attracting the right standard of applicant to apply vacancies. In HR process the recruitment department has to recruit that p erson who has a ability to achieve the company goals andSelectionTrainingDevelopmentPerformance managementCompensationEmploy relationHR strategies HR strategies plays very important role in organisation and HR strategies tell the organisation what to do with the organisation HR policies and procedures. According to Deer and Reeves says thatInternally consistent bundles of human resource practicesRichardson and Thompson (1999) says that HR strategies has two main key elements which are they must have their own strategic objectives and they have their action plans of the organisation (Michel Armstrong 10th edition 2006). HR strategies help to implement the program in the organisation and it help in the human resource department to make the decision to achieve the objective of the organisation. Human resource department use the HR strategies to set the objectives of the company and human resource strategies ideas how to achieve their objectives. As Grattan (2000) said the in this world there are no great strategies in this world there are only the great execution plans (Michel Armstrong 10th edition 2006). There are two main HR strategies and these are overarching strategies and specific strategies. Overarching HR Strategy Overarching HR strategies are mostly use in the business and it is very successful hr strategy. all(prenominal) company want to be at no 1 position by using this strategy. Overarching strategy tells the company what step the company has to taken for the organisation can attract and fulfil the need of the people and the company has to make sure that the employees are motivated committed and engaged for the achievement of their goals. According to Boxall and Purcell (2003) said that if the organisation choose the best employees with the best recruitment process then those employees will give the high performance work system and they will create a well disciplined and friendly environment for work which will help to increase their efficiency.Spec ific HR Strategy Specific strategies are used in some places of the organisation which are talent management and continuous management.Talent management Specific HR strategies use in the talent management and the talent management is looking for the great talent which will help them in make the improvement in required department where they need it. regular management It is usually used in many places of the organisation where the management think that some continuous improvement must be done in these areas. This continuous management help the organisation to improve its performance and make their to be at no. 1 position in the market.Role of SHRM for senior managersThe HR managers have keen role in the effective planning and implementation of the policies and decisions that in tune with the business changes. They should act as strategic partners and be proactive in their role than mere reactive, passive spectators. The HT managers should understand how far their decisions contribute to business surplus incorporating human competency and performance to the organisation. Strategic HR managers need a change in their outlook from seeing themselves as relationship managers to strategic resource managers. Kossek (1987, 1989) argues that major HRM figures occur when senior management takes the lead and adoption of innovative SHRM practices is dependent on the nature of relationship of the HR Department with the CEO and the line managers. Legge (1978) commenting on the actions of the personnel practitioner in the innovation process suggests that adoption of an innovation by an organization depends largely on HR practitioners credibility with information and resource providers. HR Department and HR managers in these innovative organizations play a strategic role (Ulrich, 1997) linking the HR strategy with the business strategy of the organization. A crucial aspect concerning SHRM is the concepts of fit and flexibility. The degree of fit determines the human resource s ystems integration with organization strategy. It is the role of HR Managers to ensure this fit in between Human Resource System with the Organization Strategy. termination In writing an article the success of your business is through the effective use of human resource management. There are Ulrich models best practice model, framework and the process of SHRM and the roles by using these tools the senior manager can use the effective human resource management.Task 2 Case studyBA has a big problem from last few years with their staff relation problem especially in cabin clustering dispute and they have done the strikes. According to Steve Turner unite national aviation officer said Day by day the cabin crew and the deck staff relationship is going worst. BA hired the 1000 military volunteer flights attended although they had already strong staff. Willie Walsh is the chief executive of the BA he hired the volunteer air craft, rival airlines, flight attend and volunteer crew member w ho help the passengers to drop them on their destination. While the strikes are going on they didnt click to any decision and they had stop talking about this problem (Dan Milmo transport correspondent).Task 2 AAfter dispute in the British airways staff and the crew member there are four HR strategies which will help to finish the dispute in cabin crew member.Employees EngagementEmployees propertyEmployees DevelopmentEmployees EmpowermentTask 2 British Airways merged with Iberia in 2011. Analyse the impact of the uniting on strategic HRM at British Airways.There are some of the impacts of merger which are as underReduction of Cost With the merger of these two companies both(prenominal) are enjoying the reduction in cost of operations. It is quite obvious when there is no merger both of them are incurring some of the fix and variable cost to achieve their objectives but after merger there is no need of duplication of costs. They both can share the resources of each others.Better p ortfolio With the help of merger the company has bigger and erupt portfolio with increase in the number of aeroplanes. Increase in aeroplanes ultimately means that more flights throughout the world. The coverage of flights has also become bigger as they now cover more than 200 destination worldwide and carry over 60 million passenger a year.Improved customer service In the event of merger the level of customer service increases as these both companies have altogether different cultural values. As a matter of fact the reason behind merger is to grow bigger and this is not possible with the improvement in customer care, therefore to get more business and attracting more customers is only possible with the improved customer service.Combined head abilities/skills Before the merger both of them have got limited skills and expertise but after merger this goes bigger and they both can enjoy the expertise of each other. For example if the administrative services are better with British Ai rways than Spanish Airlines, than they can just rely on BA for administrative services. While on the other hand if the Spanish Airlines are better than BA in cabin crew members and technical team, then they will leave these sorts of services for SA and enjoy the specialised services.There are some of the cultural differences which have the impact on the strategic HRM as underThe organisations in UK have the flat hierarchical structure where the gap between managers and workers or employees is very small. Managers directly involve themselves to help out the employees or give direct coaching or supervision. On the other side Spanish companies have a hierarchical structure where the manger plays a parental role. Communication plays very important role in any organisation and communication styles differ from country to country which is very confusing for the other country. Such as British people use indirect language where the Spanish use direct language and express what exactly they ar e essay to say. It is well known in any trade that those who avail risk enjoy the success and in this merger both the nations have different views about taking risk. British are risk takers and the Spanish are risk aversive. It is very big cultural difference which some time creates big problems in making decisions. It is the precious element in any organisation. This is another cultural difference between the both nations. British respect the deadlines and stick to agendas whilst the counterparts reschedule their deadlines.From the studies of both the cultures it is concluded that it is very important to know the demographic characteristics of both the countries before undertaking the mergers and acquisitions. More than 60% of the mergers and acquisitions become unsuccessful because of the lack of studies in cultural differences. Awareness about these characteristic is even more important than PESTEL analysis. To overcome this problem or to reduce the chances of failure cross-cult ural training courses could be pose before the merger to make it more successful.BiblographyArmstrong 2009 11th editionhttp//monizaharie.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/armstrong_hrmpractice.pdfCIPD Book Strategic HRM July 2012 (sited on 23/10/2012)http//www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/strategic-human-resource-management.aspxJohn Storey 2007http//books.google.co.uk/books?id=TmsExMtSWB8Cpg=PA30dq=ulrich+model+of+Hrmhl=ensa=Xei=_cqHUMWfLamr0AXXmIHYDAved=0CDYQ6AEwAQv=onepageq=ulrich%20model%20of%20Hrmf=falseHR Advice Website Sited on (23/10/12)http//hrmadvice.com/hrmadvice/hr-role/ulrichs-hr-roles-model.htmlConstruction news for Tesco 2009 (sited on 23/10/2012)http//constructionnew.blogspot.com/2009/02/simons-groups-named-partner-for-tesco.htmlL. Bhat on his smoking apple article on 2008 (sited on 23/10/12)http//smokingapples.com/opinion/apple-change-agent/Transact HR 2009. Ken article 2011http//www.articlesbase.com/book-reviews-articles/four-role-model-and-the-subsequent-three-leg ged-stool-version-4821456.htmlRuth Mayhew on demand media (sited on 28/10/2012)http//smallbusiness.chron.com/10-reasons-hr-important-organization-22424.htmlMichel Armstrong Human Resource Management Practice 2003 9th edition P. 22http//books.google.co.uk/books?id=2AGbuhlTXV0Cpg=PA22lpg=PA22dq=fombrun+tichy+and+devanna+model+of+hrmsource=blots=ZlPp0HsRH5sig=a6hVwjt0Rdph1IKpypRLdgtPl10hl=ensa=Xei=Ov6OUJ6LHKTD0QX0qIHICQved=0CE8Q6AEwCQv=onepageq=fombrun%20tichy%20and%20devanna%20model%20of%20hrmf=falseLee Ross and Pryce book Human resource and Tourism 2010http//books.google.co.uk/books?id=Tkq4q9JXr8MCpg=PA65dq=explain+hrm+processhl=ensa=Xei=_c6NUNKwGOKu0QXW3IGIBgsqi=2ved=0CDcQ6AEwAQv=onepageq=explain%20hrm%20processf=falseSusan M. Heathfield about.com (sited on 30/10/2012)http//humanresources.about.com/od/jobdescriptions/g/job_analysis.htmMichel Armstrong A handbook of human resource management practice 10th edition 2006http//books.google.co.uk/books?id=D78K7QIdR3UCpg=PA124lpg=PA124dq=h r+strategies+in+michalsource=blots=ehMQNLQ8dUsig=fOSTPIOek9lBHcTuBGmo2DS9tQ8hl=ensa=Xei=rUeQULTVL6er0AW9l4Ewsqi=2ved=0CCIQ6AEwAAv=onepageq=hr%20strategies%20in%20michalf=falsetask 2Dan Milmo transport correspondent publish on the Guardian march 2010 (sited on 10/11/2012)http//www.guardian.co.uk/business/2010/mar/30/ba-strike-staff-relations-disputetask 2 bCommuniciad Blog Sited on (15/11/2012)http//www.communicaid.com/cross-cultural-training/blog/cross-cultural-training/british-airways-gains-a-new-wingman-by-merging-with-iberia-%E2%80%93-a-look-at-the-cultural-challenges-of-this-international-merger-and-acquisition/

The La Jolla Project :: Architecture Architectural History Essays

The La Jolla proletariatThe presence of the past is everywhere. angiotensin-converting enzyme does non have to look very far to realize that the past has quite an curve on the present. In fact, there are a few examples of modern works of art at the University of California, San Diego, that bring to mind architectural works of the past. One such example is the La jolla Project, which is a collection of stone blocks on top of a hill on the Revelle College lawn south of Galbraith Hall. The isolated groups of blocks refer to architectural elements such as columns, posts, lintels, windows, and doors but the collection, as a whole, resembles a modern reconstruction of Stonehenge. The La Jolla Project and Stonehenge differ from each other in many ways, but they also share some striking silmilarities that are constant reminders that the past is very much a part of modern life.The La Jolla Project is the third work in the Stuart Collection, which is a group of site-specific sculptural wor ks at the University of California, San Diego. The La Jolla Project was installed by Richard Fleischner and was completed in 1984. The Project consists of 71 blocks of pink and gray granite (Stuart Collection 5). All the blocks are rectangular in shape and range from about 3 to 15 feet in length. The stones were quarried in sassy England and cut near Providence, Rhode Island, where the artist lives (Stuart Collection 6).Unlike the La Jolla Project, Stonehenge was probably not an abstract sculptural installation made of polished granite blocks. Stonehenge was built starting in 3100 B.C.E.(Encyclopedia Brittanica 287). The builders used mostly sarsen, a gray sandstone. Bluestones, or blocks of bluish dolerite, were also used. The number of stones used is unknown because the present structure of Stonehenge is the product of at least four major building phases. The stones have endured many centuries of rough weather and erosion.Stonehenge is located on Salisbury Plain in Southern Engl and. Although it is not the largest henge (circle of stones) of the Neolithic Period, it is a remarkable site because it is one of the most complicated megalithic sites. Stonehenge was repeatedly reworked from 3100 to 1500 B.C.E. (Encyclopedia Brittanica 287). Each spic-and-span major building phase added new elements to the site. The present-day arrangement at Stonehenge is the result of the last building phase which ended nearly 3,500 years ago.

David Lachapelle Essay -- Biography Biographies Bio

David LaChapelle is an incredible, modern photographer. He combines celebrities with the bizarre. His picture taking is unique, charged with sexual imagery, and provides a unique view on people you see in the media, today. I chose an article from American Photo, May/June 2003, as the basis of my research paper on David LaChapelle. The magazine has a slight design. It is easy to read the print, and the titles of topics are always visible. You wont turn a page and have to take a minute to figure out what is going on, on that page. Although there are many ads in the magazine, I suppose that one shouldnt expect any less theyre mainly ads for photography-type companies and such. This issue is still plentiful in articles, starting off with a page on Henri Cartier-Bresson. As I skim through American Photo, I finally come to an article on The 25 Most Important Photographers Now. Theres a benignant introduction on the first page, about what this article is about, and on the bottom-l eft corner it starts with the first photographer in the list, Gilles Bensimon. The article has a nice layout, including a picture by each photographer and their name headlined above or below, and each photographer also has a good-sized paragraph about himself or herself.Many, many pages into the top 25, David LaChapelle finally appears. The bottom half of the page shows LaChapelles photograph, Facial, which was taken for Italian Vogue in 2001 (David LaChapelle). The paragraph pen about him starts off with a self-explanation of his photography My pictures are escapist. For me, pictures are fantasies. At the same time, theyre a document of our time. The article goes on to explain his photography with much detail, and basically fin... ... plays a major part. The pattern adds to the absurdity of the two girls their expressions are both totally different. Its actually really hard to tell what this picture is level(p) supposed to be about exactly, but I guess I just love all the colors and the beautifulness of the photograph as a whole.The practice of color is an important aspect in David LaChapelles photography. He economic consumptions saturation to a very high extent. As far as almost making his photography seem dreamlike. I think its beautiful, and I love the bright colors he uses. Even though he may use a give out of computer manipulation, I think LaChapelles photography shows a distinct honesty throughout his photography. He still shows what is real, but he dramatizes it and puts it in your face. Overall, David LaChapelle is a marvelous photographer, and is obviously continuing to develop his skills as an artist. David Lachapelle Essay -- Biography Biographies BioDavid LaChapelle is an incredible, modern photographer. He combines celebrities with the bizarre. His photography is unique, charged with sexual imagery, and provides a unique view on people you see in the media, today. I chose an article from American Photo, Ma y/June 2003, as the basis of my research paper on David LaChapelle. The magazine has a nice design. It is easy to read the print, and the titles of topics are always visible. You wont turn a page and have to take a minute to figure out what is going on, on that page. Although there are many ads in the magazine, I suppose that one shouldnt expect any less theyre mainly ads for photography-type companies and such. This issue is still plentiful in articles, starting off with a page on Henri Cartier-Bresson. As I skim through American Photo, I finally come to an article on The 25 Most Important Photographers Now. Theres a nice introduction on the first page, about what this article is about, and on the bottom-left corner it starts with the first photographer in the list, Gilles Bensimon. The article has a nice layout, including a picture by each photographer and their name headlined above or below, and each photographer also has a good-sized paragraph about himself or herself.Many , many pages into the top 25, David LaChapelle finally appears. The bottom half of the page shows LaChapelles photograph, Facial, which was taken for Italian Vogue in 2001 (David LaChapelle). The paragraph scripted about him starts off with a self-explanation of his photography My pictures are escapist. For me, pictures are fantasies. At the same time, theyre a document of our time. The article goes on to explain his photography with more detail, and basically fin... ... plays a major part. The pattern adds to the absurdity of the two girls their expressions are both totally different. Its actually really hard to tell what this picture is still supposed to be about exactly, but I guess I just love all the colors and the beautifulness of the photograph as a whole.The use of color is an important aspect in David LaChapelles photography. He uses saturation to a very high extent. As far as almost making his photography seem dreamlike. I think its beautiful, and I love the bright colors he uses. Even though he may use a mass of computer manipulation, I think LaChapelles photography shows a distinct honesty throughout his photography. He still shows what is real, but he dramatizes it and puts it in your face. Overall, David LaChapelle is a fantastic photographer, and is obviously continuing to develop his skills as an artist.